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The Normalization Principle And Its Human Management Implications

From: Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded
Creator: Bengt Nirje (author)
Date: January 10, 1969
Publisher: President's Committee on Mental Retardation, Washington, D.C.
Source: Available at selected libraries

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c. that, on the other hand, there is a necessity to determine a minimum size for each facility, commensurate with its purpose and special needs;

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"It has been the experience, at least in the Scandinavian countries that large institutions tend to counteract the social integration of the mentally retarded person and militate against his individual needs for education and training and that, further in the relationship between effect and cost, the smaller unit is preferable and more economical in the final analysis."

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The Symposium also stressed the necessity to ensure implementation and concluded:

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"Each country should formulate and put into effect that system of control best suited to its governmental structure, in order to exercise supervision of the implementation of legal measures regarding the care, education, training and employment of retarded persons. The aims of such control should be:

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a. to ensure that full coverage is provided for the retarded population, and that every retarded person regardless of his personal means or those of his parents or guardians is provided with the facilities which he needs;

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b. to ensure that the standards of facilities provided are adequate and that all services conform to the standards promulgated."

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Both our service structures and our service concepts must continually evolve. It is hoped that Swedish provisions will improve further so as to be fully consistent with the Stockholm and normalization principles. It is further hoped that by that time, there will be even more advanced principles to challenge us.

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