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The Jukes in 1915

Creator: Arthur H. Estabrook (author)
Date: 1916
Publisher: Carnegie Institution of Washington
Source: Available at selected libraries

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Aurelia, IV 18, sister of Augusta, was a harlot before marriage and had one illegitimate son, Robin, V 116. She then married and had two children who died in infancy. She was murdered some years ago, but the details of the murder could not be secured. Her son Robin acquired a little property and now owns a canal boat.

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Robin and Gama, V 115, married and had three girls: one, a prostitute, had two illegitimate children; one married well and is now dead; the third is industrious and reputable but ignorant. She has recently married.

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Agatha, IV 20, a sister of Augusta, was a harlot. She acquired syphilis and lived in her sister's brothels. She had three illegitimate daughters; two have disappeared, the third, Maud, V 120, who could not be found by me, was adopted into a private family and is reported by Dugdale as doing well.

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Maxine, IV 22, was another sister of Augusta and Agatha. She was a harlot and at the age of 25 had a bastard son by her cousin Aubrey, IV 28. This boy, Percy, V 122, had no education, but has grown up to be an honest man of fair intelligence. He is a laborer, works steadily, pays his debts, and has acquired a small farm on which he lives. By his first wife, Lena, V 121, a good and industrious woman, he had two children, a boy and a girl. Both were capable in school and are quiet and industrious. After his wife died Percy secured a widow, Susan, V 123, as a housekeeper, and in 1912 had a bastard son by her.

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Maxine, after the birth of Percy, married a cousin, Bert, IV 77, a descendant of Bell and Clara Juke. He was impotent and she procured a divorce from him. She then cohabited with Sandy, IV 23, an ignorant, semi-industrious, intemperate wanderer. After being on the canal for some time Sandy and Maxine went to work on a farm 50 miles from the Juke region. They "never amounted to anything" and both are now dead. This pair had seven bastard children: Peggy, Winifred, Gus, Jessie, Louise, Roscoe, and Hen.

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The oldest child, Peggy, V 124, is an ignorant, hard-working woman. Her mind is "shallow" and her appreciation of causation somewhat deficient. She has now a slight memory defect. The belief rampant among the Nams that they were to inherit a large sum of money crops out here and there among the Jukes. Peggy lives on and works hard to support the family, comforting herself that some day she is to inherit a great sum of money from an ancestor. Peggy, when very young, married William, V 125, a member of a very degenerate family in the neighborhood in which she was born. William is a hard-working though unskilled man, earning $7 a week regularly. All his wages go, and have gone for many years, into drink, and for the last 20 years Peggy has done washings to supply the daily bread. While under the influence of liquor William becomes ugly and has threatened harm to his wife. He has been arrested many times for drunkenness, but never sentenced. He lives in rather poor conditions in a small city away from the Juke region. William and Peggy have four children.

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VI 315, a male, ignorant, inefficient, intemperate, and poor.

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VI 316, female, who died young.

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VI 319, a clandestine harlot before marriage and ignorant, but a steady worker, neat and fairly capable.

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VI 318, male, has never had any schooling, is intemperate, though not so much so as his father, works steadily at times, is considered of fair mentality, but is inefficient and can not keep a position long. He has lived for 11 years with VI 317, a young married woman deserted by her husband. She is a hard-working creature and takes in washings to help along. She has neglected the five children she has had by the last mating and also the one by her first mating. This neglect is probably due to ignorance and general inefficiency as well as inability. She was sick with rheumatism some years ago and the whole family was helped by the town for 2 years. This couple had five children. The first, a boy, VII 334, now 11, is below average in school and had infantile paralysis at 3. He is poorly nourished and ataxic in his movements. The second, VII 335, aged 9, is a boy who is good in school and does average work. He is underfed and anemic. The next two, a boy and a girl, VII 337 and VII 336, are still young and are in a neglected and underfed condition. The fifth, VII 338, died at the age of 3 months of cholera infantum.

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V 126, a daughter of Maxine, died in infancy.

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Winifred, V 127, the next child of Maxine, married young, went away and died at the age of 40. All trace of her four sons is gone.

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Gus, V 129, was accidentally choked to death at the age of 7.

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Jessie, V 130, the next daughter, is much like her sister Peggy in mentality and behavior. She married Wallace, V 131, a member of a degenerate family and distantly related to William, the husband of Peggy. Wallace, at the age of 15, was arrested with his father for burglary. He was not sentenced, but his father was sent to State prison for 15 years. He inherited an unproductive farm and buildings on the top of a mountain. Here he lives, spending his time in hunting and fishing. He is a capable blacksmith, but is poor because he is too lazy to work at his trade. He is very intemperate and when intoxicated he abuses his wife and children. The house he lives in is fast falling to pieces and is almost destitute of contents. Jessie brings in most of the money which keeps the family from starvation. Wallace and Jessie had eleven children, five of whom died in infancy. The six living children are next described.

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